Higher Education in America

Bok (300th Anniversary University Research Professor, Harvard Univ.; The Shape of the River) has produced an excellent, comprehensive, and well-balanced analysis of the current strengths and weaknesses of higher education, combining a broad examination of undergraduate programs and the major professional schools of medicine, law, and business. While he acknowledges and evaluates the frequent criticisms of high costs, excessive research, and uncertain quality, he contradicts facile attacks from politicians and the press with extensive data and recent studies to support his argument. He shows where and how reforms can be made, not from simplistic critiques but through evidence-based efforts shaped by academic values. Bok argues that thoughtful leadership is necessary but is hampered by pressures on university presidents to concentrate on finding sufficient resources. Twice president of Harvard (1997–91 and 2006–07), Bok understands the whole sector, community colleges as well as research institutions. He concludes by asserting the continuing strength of higher education and the potential for significant improvement, particularly in the key areas of increasing graduation rates and raising education quality.