A Chosen Calling: Jews in Science in the Twentieth Century

Efron (history, philosophy, Bar-Ilan Univ., Israel) discusses the profound influence of Jews on 20th-century science. Engaging, lucidly written, and well-researched, this book explores some of the factors (history, geography, culture and religion) that have inspired members of the Jewish community in Russia, Israel, and the United States to pursue careers in science, resulting in remarkable accomplishments. The author focuses on the relationship between science and social standing, describing how many individuals pursued scientific careers in order to escape persecution and refashion social norms. He contends that science-related fields were pursued in all three countries as a means to transcend socioeconomic barriers—in the sense that everyone is equal since the emphasis is on results—and create "patriotic pride." Efron packs much fascinating information into this relatively thin volume, including superb annotated footnotes.